Updated April 2018

The forced-fluoridation freaks often try to explain away the fact that reported dental caries rates are just as low in nonfluoridated western European countries as they are in countries where forced-fluoridation is prevalent by exaggerating fluoride exposure in the former. According to the Fluoride Action Network, the Irish Republic (73% of the population), Spain (11% of the population), and the United Kingdom (11% of the population) are the only countries in western Europe which subject their populations to fluoride pollution in their tap water, making up just 3% of the total western European population. Those figures come originally from the British Fluoridation Society (BFS), and although the numbers for Ireland and the United Kingdom look about right, 11% for Spain appears to be an overestimate. I have not gone through the full list of communities in Spain which they claim are artificially fluoridated, but they list Seville and Córdoba, which as far as I can tell are not fluoridated. The BFS lists only one source of information for Spain, which is from 2005. Whatever the exact figure for western Europe, the European Union has unfortunately not done anything to protect that small minority from their governments, and in the case of the UK has lost the chance to do so.

Below is a list of the 100 largest western (or thereabouts) European cities, with links to the latest information I could find on fluoride concentrations in the public water supplies of those cities. You can see from the figures which have been provided for the top half of the list that the fluoride concentrations are predominantly much lower than the 0.7 to 1.0 ppm nominal concentrations most commonly used for artificial water fluoridation, and mostly below 0.2 ppm. The information is not complete, and I’m only proficient in English so it’s possible there are some mistakes, but there has been no selective reporting. The only cities in the top 50 which are artificially fluoridated are Birmingham, England and Dublin, Ireland. No other cities had fluoride concentrations consistently above 0.5 ppm, though Copenhagen is in the ballpark, and Valencia is listed as 0.3 to 0.7. I have looked at the available data for the remaining 50 cities, which have only been included here via links to water suppliers etc, and their distribution is similar to that of the fluoride concentrations in drinking water of the 50 largest cities. There are another 4 cities which are occupied by the force-fluoridating enemy: Dudley, England; Coventry, England; Sandwell, England; and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England – all of the occupied population centres in the UK are in fact in England, with none in Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland. Fluoride concentration data are available for a large majority of the cities listed, but not all of them. The list of cities was taken from the City Mayors website. Information on salt fluoridation and other systemic fluoride treatments can be found on the next page.

Note that even though the fluoride concentrations are overwhelmingly low in comparison to those used for forced-fluoridation, they are not necessarily safe. The idea that naturally occurring fluoride is more or less harmless is a myth, and as a point of reference, the fluoride concentration of breastmilk is around 0.004 ppm (equivalent to 4 parts per billion). Fluoride is a highly toxic, cumulative poison. All figures below are in parts per million (ppm), or equivalently milligrams per litre (mg/L).

London, England, UK

Not occupied by the enemy. Finsbury Park (N7 0AA – Holloway supply zone) 0.135, East Ham (E12 5AA – Manor Park) 0.151, Hanger Lane & Stonebridge (W3 0AA) 0.132, Brent Cross (NW2 1AA) 0.129, Charlton (SE13 5AA) 0.13, Merton (SW19 1AA) 0.132
Thames Water

Berlin, Germany

Not occupied by the enemy. Spandau 0.24, Kladow 0.19, Beelitzhof 0.20, Tiefwerder 0.18, Tegel 0.21, Stolpe 0.23, Kaulsdorf 0.23, Wuhlheide 0.3, Friedrichshagen 0.17
Berliner Wasserbetriebe (PDF)

Madrid, Spain

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.3).
The following documents show that drinking water in Spain is mostly well below the fluoride concentrations used for artificial fluoridation. The Basque Country is the only region in which forced-fluoridation is the norm, as a result of legislation there.
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
MSCBS (PDF)

Rome, Italy (Lazio)

Not occupied by the enemy. Zona 1 Pescheria Capore Prevalente 0.21, Zona 2 Acqua Marcia Prevalente 0.12, Zona 3 Miscele Con Appio Alessandrino 0.38, Zona 4 Miscele Con Nuovo Vergine 0.45
acea

Paris, France (Île-de-France)

Not occupied by the enemy. centre 0.1, est 0.2, nordouest 0.1, sudouest 0.1
Eau de Paris

Hamburg, Germany

Not occupied by the enemy. Baursberg 0.07, Bergedorf 0.17, Billbrook 0.13, Bostelbek 0.14, Curslack 0.16, Glinde 0.13, Großensee 0.15, Großhansdorf 0.17, Haseldorfer Marsch 0.07, Langenhorn 0.08, Lohbrügge 0.12, Neugraben 0.14, Nordheide 0.08, Rothenburgsort 0.15, Schnelsen 0.09, Stellingen 0.09, Süderelbmarsch 0.13, Walddörfer 0.13
Hamburg Wasser

Vienna, Austria

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.2).
Stadt Wien

Barcelona, Spain (Catalonia)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.08).
Aigües de Barcelona

Milan, Italy (Lombardy)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.5).
Metropolitana Milanese SPA

Munich, Germany (Bavaria)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.1).
Stadtwerke München
Stadtwerke München (PDF)

Prague, Czech Republic (Central Bohemia)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.10). (see link under “Aktualni kvalita vody” on right-hand side of PVK webpage below)
Pražské vodovody a kanalizace

Naples, Italy (Campania)

Not occupied by the enemy. Via Ponti Rossi 0.45, Corso Garibaldi 0.56, Via Cavalleggeri 0.22, Via Icaro 0.11, Via Padula 0.17
ABC [the map loads slowly when you click on it]

Birmingham, England (West Midlands)

artificially fluoridated at a nominal concentration of 1.0 ppm
Severn Trent – Fluoride Agreements (PDF)
Severn Trent – Check My Water Quality
South Staffs Water – Water Quality Standards
South Staffs Water – Fluoride

Cologne, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy. linksrheinisch 0.13, rechtsrheinisch 0.09
RheinEnergie AG Linksrheinisch (PDF)
RheinEnergie AG Rechtsrheinisch (PDF)

Turin, Italy (Piedmont)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.1).
SMA Torino

Zagreb, Croatia

Not occupied by the enemy. Mala Mlaka less than 0.05, Petruševec 0.072, Sašnak less than 0.05, Zapruđe 0.065, Strmec 0.056
VIO

Marseille, France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.08).
Eaux de Marseille

Stockholm, Sweden

Not occupied by the enemy. Norsborg less than 0.20, Lovö less than 0.20
Stockholm Vatten och Avfall
Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (PDF)

Valencia, Spain

Not occupied by the enemy (0.3 to 0.7).
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
Aguas de Valencia

Amsterdam, the Netherlands (North Holland)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.09).
Waternet

Leeds, England (Yorkshire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy. LS1 1AJ (Cross Green supply zone) 0.082
Yorkshire Water – Fluoridation
Yorkshire Water – In Your Area

Seville, Spain (Andalusia)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.2).
The water quality reports seem to have been removed from the EMASESA website, but I previously downloaded reports for January and August 2014, which is where the reading of less than 0.2 mg/L comes from.
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
EMASESA

Palermo, Italy (Sicily)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.35).
AMAP S.p.A.

Genova, Italy (Liguria)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.10).
Iren Acqua

Frankfurt, Germany (Hesse)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.15).
Mainova AG

Glasgow, Scotland, UK

Not occupied by the enemy. Milngavie C3 (G22 5AA) less than 0.04, Picketlaw (G76 0AA) 0.04, Carron Valley B (G63 0AA) 0.04
Scottish Water

Zaragoza, Spain (Aragon)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.15).
Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza

Essen, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.11).
Stadtwerke Essen AG

Rotterdam, the Netherlands (South Holland)

Not occupied by the enemy. Berenplaat (3197 XA) 0.21, Kralingen (3113 AA) 0.21
Evides

Dortmund, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy. Hengsen 0.10, Villigst 0.09, Westhofen 0.09, Witten 0.10, Halingen 0.08
DEW21

Stuttgart, Germany (Baden-Württemberg)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.07, 0.06, 0.09).
Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung

Düsseldorf, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.13).
Stadtwerke Düsseldorf

Lisbon, Portugal

Not occupied by the enemy.
EPAL

Helsinki, Finland (Uusimaa)

Not occupied by the enemy. Pitkäkoski 0.1, Vanhakaupunki 0.1
HSY

Malaga, Spain (Andalusia)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.3).
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)

Bremen, Germany

Not occupied by the enemy. Bremen-Nord less than 0.1, Bremen-Stadt 0.1, Mahndorf 0.1, Tenever less than 0.1
swb

Sheffield, England (Yorkshire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy. S1 1AA (Loxley supply zone) 0.062
Yorkshire Water

Duisburg, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy (not detectable, less than 0.1, not detectable, not detectable).
Stadtwerke Duisburg AG

Hannover, Germany (Lower Saxony)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.3, 0.033).
enercity
enercity AG verteilten Trinkwassers (PDF)
enercity AG verteilten Trinkwassers der Harzwasserwerke GmbH (PDF)

Oslo, Norway

Not occupied by the enemy (0.04).
Oslo kommune

Copenhagen, Denmark

Not occupied by the enemy. Islevbro 0.51, Lejre Vandvaerk 0.88, Marbjerg 0.45, Regnemark 0.55, Slangerup 0.48, Søndersø 0.36, Thorsbro 0.29
HOFOR

Leipzig, Germany (Saxony)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.51, 0.71, 0.13, 0.09, 0.08, 0.40, 0.13).
Leipziger Wasserwerke

Nuremberg, Germany (Bavaria)

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.2).
N-ERGIE

Bradford, England (Yorkshire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy. BD1 1AA (Bradford Central water supply zone) 0.055
Yorkshire Water

Dublin, Ireland (Leinster)

Occupied by the enemy. Industrial fluoride pollution is dumped into Dublin’s public water supply, with nominal fluoride concentrations of somewhere between 0.6 and 0.8 ppm. Irish Water does not appear to publicly report actual measured fluoride concentrations of the water.
Irish Water

Dresden, Germany (Saxony)

Not occupied by the enemy. Coschütz less than 0.15, Hosterwitz 0.17, Tolkewitz 0.22, Marsdorf –, Schönborn less than 0.15, Weixdorf (Nord) less than 0.15
DREWAG

Liverpool, England (Merseyside), UK

Not occupied by the enemy. L2 2DP (Liverpool City Centre water supply zone) less than 0.0197
United Utilities

Antwerp, Belgium (Flanders)

Not occupied by the enemy (0.48, 0.15).
water-link

Gothenburg, Sweden

Not occupied by the enemy (less than 0.1).
Göteborgs Stad

Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Not occupied by the enemy. Glencorse C (EH10 4AA) 0.04, Castle Moffat (EH41 3AA) 0.05, Marchbank A (EH27 8AA) less than 0.04
Scottish Water

The Hague, the Netherlands (South Holland)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Dunea Duin & Water

Manchester, England, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
United Utilities

Lyon, France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Eau du Grand Lyon

Bristol, England, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Bristol Water

Bochum, Germany

(North-Rhine Westphalia) Not occupied by the enemy.
Stadtwerke Bochum

Kirklees, England (Yorkshire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Yorkshire Water

Bologna, Italy (Emilia-Romagna)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Gruppo Hera

Brno, Czech Republic (South Moravia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Brněnské vodárny a kanalizace

Florence, Italy (Tuscany)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Publiacqua

Wuppertal, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
WAW

Toulouse, France (Occitanie)

Not occupied by the enemy.
ARS Occitanie

Las Palmas, Spain (Gran Canaria)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
emalsa

Bilbao, Spain (Basque Country)

Occupied by the enemy. Despite a lack of information in the water quality section of the website of the water supplier, Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, there is information on the website of the Basque Country public healthcare institution Osakidetza which indicates that the people of Bilbao are in fact force-fluoridated. My previous assessment that Bilbao was not occupied by the enemy seems to have been incorrect.
Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia
Osakidetza

Murcia, Spain

Not occupied by the enemy.
Aguas de Murcia

Fife, Scotland, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Scottish Water

Nice, France (Alpes-Maritimes)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Ministère chargé de la santé

Catania, Italy (Sicily)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Sidra SpA

Zürich, Switzerland

Not occupied by the enemy.
Stadt Zürich – Departement der Industriellen Betriebe

Bari, Italy (Puglia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Acquedotto Pugliese

Wirral, England (Merseyside), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
United Utilities

North Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Scottish Water

Ostrava, Czech Republic (Moravia-Silesia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Ostravské vodárny a kanalizace a.s.

Bielefeld, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Stadtwerke Bielefeld

Wakefield, England (Yorkshire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Yorkshire Water

Valladolid, Spain (Castile and León)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Aguas de Valladolid

Cardiff, Wales, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water

Dudley, England (West Midlands), UK

Occupied by the enemy. Industrial fluoride pollution is dumped into Dudley’s public water supply, with nominal fluoride concentrations “up to 1 mg/l”.
South Staffs Water

Wigan, England (Greater Manchester), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
United Utilities

East Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK

Not occupied by the enemy, but recently under attack.
Yorkshire Post
Yorkshire Water

Mannheim, Germany (Baden-Württemberg)

Not occupied by the enemy.
MVV

Córdoba, Spain (Andalusia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
Aguas de Córdoba

South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Scottish Water

Coventry, England (West Midlands), UK

Occupied by the enemy. Industrial fluoride pollution is dumped into Coventry’s public water supply, with a nominal fluoride concentration of 1 ppm.
Severn Trent (fluoride)
Severn Trent (check my water quality)

Palma, Spain (Balearic Islands)

Not occupied by the enemy.
EMAYA

Bonn, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
SWB Energie und Wasser

Venice, Italy (Veneto)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Veritas

Belfast, Northern Ireland (County Antrim), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Northern Ireland Water

Leicester, England (Leicestershire), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Severn Trent

Sunderland, England (Tyne and Wear), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Northumbrian Water Limited

Sandwell, England (West Midlands), UK

Occupied by the enemy.
South Staffs Water

Doncaster, England (South Yorkshire) UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Yorkshire Water

Stockport, England (Greater Manchester), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
United Utilities (drinking water quality)
United Utilities (fluoridation)

Sefton, England (Merseyside), UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
United Utilities (drinking water quality)
United Utilities (fluoridation)

Vigo, Spain (Pontevedra)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Flúor en aguas de consumo público españolas y prevención de la caries dental (Fluoride content in tap water in Spain and prevention of dental caries)
Aqualia

Aarhus, Denmark

Not occupied by the enemy.
Aarhus Vand

Nottingham, England, UK

Not occupied by the enemy.
Severn Trent

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England (Tyne and Wear), UK

Occupied by the force-fluoridating enemy.
Northumbrian Water Limited

Gelsenkirchen, Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Gelsenwasser

Karlsruhe, Germany (Baden-Württemberg)

Not occupied by the enemy.
Stadtwerke Karlsruhe

Porto, Portugal

Not occupied by the enemy.
Águas do Porto

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